Information Processing Model
Encoding – process of getting information into the memory system.
Storage – The retention encoded information over time.
Retrieval – The process of getting information out of memory storage.
Information Processing Model
Two types
Automatic Processing: unconscious and effortless process of encoding certain information
Effortful Processing: requires attention and conscious effort.
Encoding
Semantic Encoding
-Based on the meaning of the information
Acoustic Encoding
-based on the sounds of the information
Visual Encoding
-based on the images of the information
Three Storage Systems (Types of Memory)
1. Sensory Memory
Brief, initial coding of sensory information in the memory system.
Iconic store – visual information
Echoic store – sound information
Information held just long enough to make a decision on its importance
2. Short-Term/Working Memory
Contains information you are aware of before it is stored more permanently or forgotten.
Holds approximately seven, plus or minus two, chunks of information
Can retain the information as long as it is rehearsed
3. Long-Term Memory
Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.
Holds memories without conscious effort
Flashbulb Memory
A vivid, clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
Can be personal memories or centered around a shared event.
Retrieval
The process of getting information out of memory storage
Two forms of retrieval-
Recall: think “fill in the blank”
Recognition: think “multiple choice”
Retrieval Context Effect
We retrieve information easier when in an environment similar to the one in which we encoded the information.
State Dependent Memory
We remember better when in the same physical and emotional state as when we encoded the information.
Encoding – process of getting information into the memory system.
Storage – The retention encoded information over time.
Retrieval – The process of getting information out of memory storage.
Information Processing Model
Two types
Automatic Processing: unconscious and effortless process of encoding certain information
Effortful Processing: requires attention and conscious effort.
Encoding
Semantic Encoding
-Based on the meaning of the information
Acoustic Encoding
-based on the sounds of the information
Visual Encoding
-based on the images of the information
Three Storage Systems (Types of Memory)
1. Sensory Memory
Brief, initial coding of sensory information in the memory system.
Iconic store – visual information
Echoic store – sound information
Information held just long enough to make a decision on its importance
2. Short-Term/Working Memory
Contains information you are aware of before it is stored more permanently or forgotten.
https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/stm0.html
Holds approximately seven, plus or minus two, chunks of information
Can retain the information as long as it is rehearsed
3. Long-Term Memory
Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.
Holds memories without conscious effort
Flashbulb Memory
A vivid, clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
Can be personal memories or centered around a shared event.
Retrieval
The process of getting information out of memory storage
Two forms of retrieval-
Recall: think “fill in the blank”
Recognition: think “multiple choice”
Retrieval Context Effect
We retrieve information easier when in an environment similar to the one in which we encoded the information.
State Dependent Memory
We remember better when in the same physical and emotional state as when we encoded the information.